As world leaders prepare to gather for the 31st United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP31), the topic of resilient cities is high on the agenda. In the European Union, buildings are the single largest energy consumer, yet the renovation of Europe's building stock is progressing far more slowly...

Prof. Eduardo Alberto Baptista Maldonado is a retired Full Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto and researcher on the topic of Energy Efficiency in Buildings. He was the former president of Portugal's National Innovation Agency (ANI). Prof. Maldonado...