Could you elaborate on the technical foundations of your methodology, particularly what makes it novel compared to existing approaches, and which data sources were used to validate your approach?   Théo Wittersheim: Our methodology is based on two core principles: analysing dependencies from the perspective...

The views expressed here are from Ugnė Keliauskaitė and do not necessarily reflect those of the think tank Bruegel.     Do your findings suggest that Europe is shifting from fossil fuel dependency towards new forms of dependency, for example on critical materials or external clean energy supply chains?...

Europe is highly dependent on fossil fuels, and 97% of the EU’s oil consumption is imported as well as 90% of its fossil gas consumption. How can Europe address this issue, especially at a time of geopolitical tensions that have a significant impact on energy and the economy?   Assessing EU's direct...

In the spirit of technological neutrality, Europe is exploring multiple pathways to decarbonisation. Among them are e-fuels, whose chemical composition is identical to that of fossil fuels but are produced through synthetic processes rather than extracted and refined. This makes them a potential low-carbon...

David Olley is Senior Associate at Aurora Energy Research. He specialises in green molecules (hydrogen, e-fuels, and bio-fuels). He uses his background in energy economics and climate policy, combined with a foundation of physics to provide deep quantitative insights to energy market clients.     What...

Interview with Prof. Nebojsa Nakicenovic, energy economist and systems analyst from the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis and Vienna University of Technology and Deputy Chair of the EU’s Scientific Advise Mechanism.   The EU’s Scientific Advise Mechanism (SAM), comprised of the Group...